Ceci est une version obsolète publiée le 2019-09-26. Consultez la version la plus récente.

Procedural harmonization, mutual recognition and multi-level protection of fundamental procedural rights

Auteurs

  • Dimitris Liakopoulos Instituto Colombiano de Derecho Procesal

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.32853/01232479.v48.n48.2019.484

Mots-clés :

confianza mutua, principio de efectividad, TEDH, TJUE, reconocimiento de sentencias extranjeras, derecho procesal europeo, armonización, integración europea

Résumé

El presente trabajo busca resaltar los “vínculos†evidentes entre los objetivos perseguidos por el legislador europeo y los métodos utilizados, la intensidad del nivel de aproximación y los aspectos del derecho procesal europeo armonizados a través del reconocimiento mutuo y el principio de efectividad. El objetivo es llevar a cabo una discusión sobre el estado de aproximación y armonización de las normas procesales dentro del área judicial civil europea, pero también un análisis concluyente sobre las perspectivas de la evolución del tema, sobre una visión general de las diversas modalidades y herramientas. Utilizado en el proceso de armonización. La posibilidad de una transición de un modelo de armonización de procesos estrictamente sectorial a uno estructural se evaluará, definiendo, a nivel de la Unión, un conjunto de principios fundamentales al reunir y examinar una amplia jurisprudencia tanto por el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea. Para determinar no solo si esto es posible en el enfoque actual de los Tratados, sino también si tal evolución es deseable y realmente alcanzable.

Références

A.F.M. BRENNINKMEIJER, The influence of Court of Justice case law on the procedural law of the Member States, in J.A.E. VERVAELE (a cura di), Administrative law application and enforcement of community law in the Netherlands, Kluwer Law International, 1994, pp. 104ss.

A.H. TÃœRK, Judicial review in European Union law, op. cit. L. WOODS, P. WATSON, Steiner & Woods European Union law, op. cit. C. BARNARD, S. PEERS, European Union law, op. cit.

B. DE WITTE, H.W. MICKLITZ (a cura di), The ECJ and the autonomy of Member States, ed. Intersentia, Antwerp, Oxford, 2011, pp. 281 e ss.

B. THORSON, Individual rights in European Union law, op. cit.

BRIGGS, The conflict of laws, op. cit., M. HARDING, Conflict of laws, op. cit.,

J.J. KUIPERS, The right to a fair trial and the free movement of civil judgments, op. cit.

C. BOUTAYEB, Droit institutionnel de l’Union européenne: Institutions, Ordre juridique et Contentieux, op. cit.

CJEU, 23/76, L. Pellegrini & C. s.a.s. v. Commission of the European Communities and Flexon Italia of 7 December 1976, ECLI:EU:C:1976:174, I-01807. For details see: M. HAZELHORST, Free movement of civil judgments in the European Union and the right of fair trial, op. cit.

CJEU, 38/73, Sociaal Fonds voor de Diamantarbeiders v NV Indiamex and Feitelijke Vereniging De Belder of 11 October 1973, ECLI:EU:C:1973:188, I-01989.

CJEU, 6/64, F. Costa v. ENEL of 15 July 1964, ECLI:EU:C:1964:66, ECR 585. CJEU, C- 45/76, Comet of 16 December 1976, ECLI:EU:C:1976:191, I-01043,

parr. 5, 13 and 16. See also: M. CREMONA, Compliance and the enforcement of European Union law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2012.

CJEU, C-104/86, Commission of the European Communities v. Italian Republic of 24 March 1998, ECLI:EU:C:1998:171, I-01799.

CJEU, C-158/80, Rewe of 7 July 1981, ECLI:EU:C:1981:163, I-1805, par. 44.

CJEU, C-166/73, Rheinmühlen Düsseldorf v. Einhur-und Vorratstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel of 16 January 1974, ECLI:EU:C:1974:3, I-00033, par. 39.

CJEU, C-188/95, Fantask A/S v. Industriministeriet and others of 22 December 1997, ECLI:EU:C:1997:580, I-06783. A. BARAV, Judicial enforcement and implementation o European Union law, ed. Bruylant, Bruxelles, 2017.

CJEU, C-19/92, D. Kraus of 31 March 1993, ECLI:EU:C:1993:125, I-01663,

par. 40ss.

CJEU, C-199/82, S. Giorgio of 9 November 1983, op. cit.

CJEU, C-222/84, Johnston v. Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary of 15 May 1086, ECLI:EU:C:1986:206, I-01651

CJEU, C-222/86, Unectef v. Heylens of 15 October 1987, ECLI:EU:C:1987:442, I-04097.

CJEU, C-226/99, Siples Srl. of 11 January 2001, ECLI:EU:C:2001:14, I-00277.

P. CRAIG, G. DE BÚRCA, European union law. Text, cases and materials, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011.

CJEU, C-268/06, Impact, 15 April 2008, ECLI:EU:C:2008:223, I-02483. Case C-406/08, Uniplex of 28 January 2010, ECLI:EUC:2010:45, I-00817.

CJEU, C-312/93, Peterbroeck, Van Campenhout & Cie v. Belgian State of 14 December 1995, ECLI:EU:C:1995:437, I-04599.

CJEU, C-317/08, Alassini and others of 18 March 2010, ECLI:EU:2010:146, I-02213.

CJEU, C-317/08, Alassini and others of 18 March 2010, op. cit.

CJEU, C-420/07, Apostolides of 28 April 2009, ECLI:EU:C:2009:271, I-03571.

See, P. STONE, Private international law, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, 2018. L. COLLINS, A. BRIGGS, J. HARRIS, JD. MCCLEAN, C. MCLACHLAN,

CGJ. MORSE (eds), Dicey, Morris and Collins, The conflict of laws, ed. Sweet and Maxwell, London, 2012, pp. 14ss.

CJEU, C-43/93, Van Schijndelv. Stifting Pensioenfondsvoor Fysiotherapeuten of 14 December 1995, ECLI:EU:C:1995:441, I-04703, par. 21.

CJEU,C-43/93,VanSchijndelv.StiftingPensioenfondsvoorFysiotherapeuten, op. cit. For details see: K. LENAERTS, I. MASELIS, K. GUTMAN, European Union procedural law, op. cit.

CJEU, C-432/05, Unibet of 13 March 2007, ECLI:EU:C:2007:163, I-02271, par. 66-77.

CJEU, C-432/05, Unibet of 13 March 2007, op. cit. L. GRUSZCZYNSKI, W.

WERNER, Deference in international courts and tirbunals. Standard of review and margin of appreciation, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014.

CJEU, C-452/09, Tonina Enza Iaia of 19 March 2011, ECLI:EU:C:2011:323, I-04043, parr. 20, 21 and 23.

CJEU, C-452/09, Tonina Enza Iaia of 19 March 2011, op. cit. CJEU, C-498/16, Schrems of 25 January 2018, op. cit.

CJEU, C-619/10, Trade Agency of 5 September 2012, ECLI:EU:C:2012:531, published in the eelctronic Reports of the cases.

CJEU, C-63/01, Evans of 4 December 2003, ECLI:EU:C:2003:650, I-14447.

For details see: B. THORSON, Individual rights in European Union law, ed. Springer, Berlin, 2016, pp. 22ss.

CJEU, C-78/94, Hendrikman and Feyen v. Magenta druck & Verlag of 10 October 1996, ECLI:EU:C:1996:380, I-04983.

CJEU, C-78/94, Hendrikman and Feyen v. Magenta druck & Verlag of 10 October 1996, op. cit.

CJEU, C-93/12, Agrokonsulting-04 of 27 June 2013, ECLI:EU:C:2013:432, published in electronic Reports of the cases. S. PEERS, T. HERVEY, J. KENNER,

A. WARD, The European Union Charter of fundamental rights. A Commentary,

C.H. Beck, Hart Publishing & Nomos, 2014.

CJEU, C-97/91, Oreficio Borelli SpAof 3 December1992, ECLI:EU:C:1992:491, I-06313.

D. LIAKOPOULOS, Conflicts of law in the European Union Law, op. cit.

D. LIAKOPOULOS, European integration and its relation with the juris- prudence of European Court of Human Rights and private international law of European Union, in Homa Publica.Revista Internacional de Direitos Humanos e Impresa, 2 (2), 2018.

D. LIAKOPOULOS, First considerations and discussion of the proposed reform of litigation competences of the Court of Justice of the European Union, in International and European Union Legal Matters-working paper series, 2018.

D. LIAKOPOULOS, Interactions between European Court of Human Rights and private international law of European Union, in Cuadernos de Derecho Transnacional, 10 (1), 2018.

D. LIAKOPOULOS, La volonté de la Cour de justice de privilégier la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme dans sa protection des droits fondamentaux, in International and European Union Legal Matters-working paper series, 2012.

D. LIAKOPOULOS, Protection of human rights between European Court of Human Rights and Court of European Union, in International and European Union Legal Matters, 2015

D. LIAKOPOULOS, Recognition and enforcement of foreign sentences in European Union context: The italian and german private international law cases, in International and European Union Legal Matters-working paper series, 2010.

D. LIAKOPOULOS, The best interests of the child between european and international private law rules: Unification and evolution of child protection, in Juris Gradibus-working paper series, 2014.

D. LIAKOPOULOS, The best interests of the child between european and international private law rules: Unification and evolution of child protection, op. cit.

D. LIAKOPOULOS, The influence of EU law on national civil procedural law: Towards the adoption of common minimum standards?-La influencia de la legislaciòn de la UE en el derecho procesal civil nacional: ¿hacia la adopciòn de normas minimas comunes?, in Revista General de Derecho Europeo, 46, 2018.

D.LECZYKIEWICZ, Effectiveness of EU Law before National Courts: Direct Effect, Effective Judicial Protection, and State Liability, D. CHALMERS, A. ARNULL, The oxford handbook of European Union law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015.

Directive 2004/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market and amending Directive 92/42/EEC, L 52/50.

E. SPAVENTA, A very fearful Court? The protection of fundamental rights in the European Union after opinion 2/13, in Maastricht Journal of European Studies, 22 2015, pp. 35ss.

ECtHR, Avotinš v. Latvia of 23 May 2016.

ECtHR, Drozd and Janousek v. France and Spain of 26 June 1992, par. 33.

ECtHR, Drozd and Janousek v. France and Spain, op. cit., and ECtHR, Soering

v. United Kingdom of 7 July 1989

ECtHR, Michaud v. France of 6 Dicembre 2012, par. 104. ECtHR, Michaud v. France of 6 Dicembre 2012, par. 109.

ECtHR, Pellegrini v. Italy of 20 July 2001. L.R. KIESTRA, The impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on private international law, T.M.C. Asser Press & Springer, The Hague, 2014, pp. 204ss. M. HAZELHORST, Free movement of civil judgments in the EU and the right to a fair trial, ed. Springer, Berlin, 2017, pp. 433ss.

ECtHR, Soering v. United Kingdom of 7 July 1989

F. GASCÓN-INCHAUSTI, La reconnaissance et l’exécution des décisions dans le règlement Bruxelles I bis, in E. GUINCHARD (eds), Le nouveau règlement Bruxelles I bis. Règlement n° 1215/2012 du 12 décembre 2012 concernant la compétence judiciaire, la reconnaissance et l’exécution des décisions en matière civile et commerciale, ed. Larcier, Bruxelles, 2014, pp. 210ss.

F. GASCÓN-INCHAUSTI, La reconnaissance et l’exécution des décisions dans le règlement Bruxelles I bis, in E. GUINCHARD (eds), Le nouveau règlement Bruxelles I bis. Règlement n° 1215/2012 du 12 décembre 2012 concernant la compétence judiciaire, la reconnaissance et l’exécution des décisions en matière civile et commerciale, op. cit.

F. GASCÓN-INCHAUSTI, La reconnaissance et l’exécution des décisions dans le règlement Bruxelles I bis, in E. GUINCHARD (eds), Le nouveau règlement Bruxelles I bis. Règlement n° 1215/2012 du 12 décembre 2012 concernant la compétence judiciaire, la reconnaissance et l’exécution des décisions en matière civile et commerciale, op. cit.

F. MARTUCCI, Droit de l’Union europèenne, LGDG, Paris, 2017. M. POIARES MADURO, M. WIND, The transformation of Europe: Twenty-five yearson, Cam-bridge University Press, Cambridge, 2017, pp. 321ss. R. SCHÜTZE, European Union law, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2015, pp. 382. J. USHERWOOD, S. PINDER, The European Union. A very short introduction, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2018.

F. NICOLA, B. DAVIES, European Union law stories, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2017.

For the analysis of the Protocol, see: G. LUPÅžAN, Reflections on the maintenance obligations from the perspective of the european law enforcement, in Acta Unviersitatis Danubius. Juridica, 10 (2), 2014. M. CREMONA, H.W. MICKLITZ, Private law in the external elations of the European Union, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2016.

G. CONWAY, European Union law, ed. Routledge, London & New York, 2015.

G. CUNIBERTI, Abolition de l’exequatur et présomption de protection des droits fondamentaux, in Revue Critique de Droit International Privè, 103 (1), 2014, pp. 304ss.

G. CUNIBERTI, Abolition de l’exequatur et présomption de protection des droits fondamentaux, op. cit.

HARTKAMP, C. SIBURGH, W. DEVROE, Cases, materials and text on European Union law and private law, op. cit.

HESS, Harmonized Rules and Minimum Standards in the European Law of Civil Procedure, P.E. 556.971, (Study of European Parlimanent, 2016), pp. 13ss.

If this lack does not come, as in the case of Regulation 4/2009, covered by different supranational instruments, such as an ad hoc protocol or protocol, which, even if they are outside the EU system, still constitute an adequate basis for trust mutual “concreteâ€.

In particular see the analysis of B. DE WITTE, European Union law: How autonomous is its order?, in Zeitschrift für Öffentliches Recht, 65, 2010, pp. 162ss.

In particular see the next cases from the CJEU: C-214/17, Mölk of

May 2018, ECLI:EU:C:2018:297; C-558/16, Mahnkopf of 1st March 2018, ECLI:EU:C:2018:138; C-467/16, Schlömp of 20 December 2017, ECLI:EU:C:2017:993, all of them published in the electronic Reports of the cases.

J.J. KUIPERS, The right to a fair trial and the free movement of civil judmgnents, in Croatian Yearbook of European Law and Policy, 6, 2010, pp. 25ss

J.L. CLERGERIE, A. GRUBER, P. RAMBAUD, L’Union européenne, op. cit.

J.L. CLERGERIE, A. GRUBER, P. RAMBAUD, L’Union européenne, op. cit., M. DONY, Droit de l’Union européenne, op. cit., J.C. GAUTRON, Droit européen, op. cit.

J.M. SÃNCHEZ GARCÃA (2017a), El principio de efectividad en la jurispru- dencia del TJUE en materia de consumidores y su repercusión sobre los efectos de la cosa juzgada regulada en la LEC, in Revista Jurídica de Catalunya, 116 (1), 2017, pp. 14ss.

JAKUBOWSKI, K. WIECZYŃSKA, Fragmentation vs the constitutionali- sation of international law: A practical inquiry, op. cit.,

JAKUBOWSKI, K. WIECZYŃSKA, Fragmentation vs the constitutionali- sation of international law: A practical inquiry, op. cit.

K. LENAERTS, I. MASELIS, K. GUTMAN, European Union procedural law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014, pp. 133ss.

K. LENAERTS, J. GUTIÉRREZ-FONS, To say what the law of the EU is: Methods of interpretation and the European Court of Justice, op. cit.

KACZOROWSKA-IRELAND, European Union Law, op. cit. F. MARTUCCI, Droit de l’Union europèenne, op. cit.

LIAKOPOULOS, The regulation of transnational mergers in international and european law, Brill Academic publications and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, 2010. U. BUX, The European Law Institute/UNIDROIT Civil

Procedure Projects as a Soft Law Tool to Resolve Conflicts of Law, P.E. 556.972, (Study of European Parliament, 2017).

M. FALLON, T. KRUGER, The spatial scope of the EU’s rules on jurisdiction and enforcement of judgments: From bilateral modus to unilateral universality?, in Yearbook of Private International Law, 2012-2013, pp. 6ss.

M. FLETCHER, E. HERLIN-ARNELL, C. MATERA, The European Union as an area of freedom, security and justice, ed. Routledge, London & New York, 2016.

M. HAZELHORST, The ECtHR’s Decision in Povse: Guidance for the future of the abolition of exequatur for civil judgments in the European Union, in Nederlands Internationaal Privaatrecht 2014, pp. 30ss.

M. SAFFIAN, D. DÃœSTERHAU, A Union of effective judicial protection: Addressing a multi-level challenge through the lens of article 47 CFREU, op. cit.

M. THÖNE, Die Abschaffung des Exequaturverfahrens und die EuGVVO. Veröffentlichungen zum Verfahrensrecht, op. cit. A. HAMED, K. TATSIANA, A step forward in the harmonization of european jurisdiction: Regulation Brussels I Recast, op. cit.

M. THÖNE, Die Abschaffung des Exequaturverfahrens und die EuGVVO. Veröffentlichungen zum Verfahrensrecht, op. cit.A. HAMED, K. TATSIANA, A step forward in the harmonization of european jurisdiction: Regulation Brussels I Recast, op. cit.

M. THÖNE, Die Abschaffung des Exequaturverfahrens und die EuGVVO. Veröffentlichungen zum Verfahrensrecht, op. cit.A. HAMED, K. TATSIANA, A step forward in the harmonization of european jurisdiction: Regulation Brussels I Recast, op. cit.

M. WELLER, Mutual trust in search of the future of European Union private international law, in Journal of Private International Law, 11 (1), 2015, pp. 66ss.

M. ZILINSKY, Mutual trust and cross-border enforcement of judgments in civil matters in the European Union. Does the step-by-step approach work?, in Netherlands International Law Review, 64 (1), 2017, pp. 117ss. A. BAKARDJIEVA ENGELBREKT, N. BREMBER, A. MICHALSKI, Trust in the European Union in challenges time. Interdisciplinary european studies, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2018, pp. 179ss.

M. WIERZBOWSKI, A. GUBRYNOWICZ, International investment law for the 21st century, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015. A.H. TÃœRK, Judicial review in European Union law, Edward Elgar Publishers, Cheltenham, 2010.

L. WOODS, P. WATSON, Steiner & Woods European Union law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2017, pp. 37ss. C. BARNARD, S. PEERS, European Union law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2017, pp. 788ss.

N. ANDREWS, Fundamental principles of civil procedure: Order out of chaos, in X.E. KRAMER, C.H. VAN RHEE (eds.), Civil litigation in a globalising world,

T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague, 2012.

Opinion 2/13, Accession of the European Union to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, ECJ, 18 December 2014, ECLI:EU:C:2014:2454.

P. LETTO-VANAMO JAN SMITS (Ed), Coherence and fragmentation in european private law, ed. Sellier, Bruxelles, 2012.

P. STONE, Private international law, op. cit.

R. BIEBER, F. MAIANI, Précis de droit européen, op. cit., C. BLUMANN, L. DUBOUIS, Droit institutionnel de l’Union européenne, op. cit., N.N. SHUIBHNE,

L.W. GORMLEY (a cura di), From single market to Economic Union. Essays in memory of John A. Usher, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2012, pp. 176ss. A. ARNULL, C. BARNARD, M. DOUGAN, E. SPAVENTA (a cura di), A constitu- tional order of States. Essays in European Union law in honour of Alan Dashwood, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011, pp. 7ss.

RIPOLL SERVENT, F. TRAUNER, The Routledge hanbook of justice and home affairs research, Hart Publishing, Oxford & Oregon, Portland, 2017.

ROSAS, L. ARMATI, European Union constitutional law. An introduction, Hart Publishing, Oxford & Oregon, Portland, 2018.

S. DOUGLAS-SCOTT, N. HATZIS, Research handbook on European Union law and human rights, Edward Elgar Publishers, Cheltenham, 2017, p. 511ss.

S. PEERS, Protecting the rule of law in the EU: Should it be the Commission’s task, in EU Law Analysis, 12 March 2014.

S. PRECHAL, R. WIDDERSHOVEN, Redefining the relationship between “Rewe-effectiveness†and effective judicial protection, in Review of European Administrative Law, 6 (1), 2011, pp. 31-32, 38ss.

See in particular from the ECtHR, Lobo Machado v. Portugal of 20 February 1996; Vermeulen v. Belgium of 20 February 1996; Mantovanelli v. France of 18 March 1997. For details see: O. JOHAN SETTEM, Applications of the fair hearing norm in ECHR rticle 6 (1) to civil proceedings, ed. Springer, Berlin, 2015.

T. TRIDIMAS, Bifurcated justice: The dual character of judicial protection in EU law, in A. ROSAS, E. LEVITS, Y. BOT, The Court of Justice and the construction of Europe: Analyses and perspectives on sixty years of case-law, ed. Springer, The Hague, 2013, pp. 368ss.

T. WISHMEYER, Generating trust through law? Judicial cooperation in the European Union and the “principle of mutual trustâ€, in German Law Journal, 17, 2016, pp. 342ss.

V. LAZIC, Family private international law issues before the European Court of Human Rights: Lessons to be learned from Povse v. Austria in revising the Brussels IIa Regulation and its relevance for future abolition of exequatur in the European Union, in CH. PAULUSSEN, T. TAKACS, V. LAZIC, B. ROMPUY (eds.), Fundamental rights in international and european law, op. cit.

Working document on the introduction of common minimum standards of civil procedure in the European Union of 21 December 2015, Commission of Justice, P.E. 572.853.

X. GROUSSOT, Constitutional dialogues, pluralism and conflicting identities, in M. AVBELJ, J. KOMAREK (eds.) Constitutional pluralism in the European Union and beyond, Hart Publishing, Oxford & Oregon, Portland, 2012, pp. 321ss.

X. GROUSSOT, Constitutional dialogues, pluralism and conflicting identities, in M. AVBELJ, J. KOMAREK (eds.) Constitutional pluralism in the European Union and beyond, Hart Publishing, op. cit.

Téléchargements

Publiée

2019-09-26

Versions

Comment citer

Liakopoulos, D. (2019). Procedural harmonization, mutual recognition and multi-level protection of fundamental procedural rights. Revistas ICDP, 48(48). https://doi.org/10.32853/01232479.v48.n48.2019.484

Numéro

Rubrique

Artí­culos